Ecosystem processes refer to the various interactions and functions that occur within an ecosystem, including energy flow, nutrient cycling, and succession. These processes are critical for maintaining the balance and health of an ecosystem, as they govern the transfer of materials and energy between living organisms and their environment. Understanding ecosystem processes is important for conservation and environmental management, as changes in these processes can have significant impacts on the overall functioning and resilience of ecosystems. Researchers in this area study how various factors, such as climate change, human activities, and species interactions, influence ecosystem processes and how they can be managed to promote ecosystem health and sustainability.